Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Technique - Essay Example The exploration attempts a blend of subjective and quantitative parts of study so as to show up at wanted perceptions. The survey is circled online to get to a wide scope of reactions. Also, not many open finished inquiries take into consideration more noteworthy information on specific zones of study through the poll design. The investigation has additionally attempted a telephonic meeting separated from the auxiliary information examination to help quantitative realities by dependable and evident data sourced from the meeting and subjective exploration. As per Tobin and Joseph, (2006), research reasoning is the way where one assembles, sorts out and investigations the information to explore a specific issue. The regular examination reasoning has two primary principals related which are known as the positivist philosophical procedure and the interpretivism or the phenomenological style. Both the models are successful apparatuses for doing the exploration movement yet the distinction emerges in the objectivity of the model. As per the positivist methodology, hypothesis is set up preceding directing the exploration action. The positivist exploration can be done in a two dimensional methodology, the enlightening examination and the trial research. The examination model dependent on the positivist methodology is fundamentally engaged after uniting an investigation of the reliance of the outer variables and the inward factors of the exploration. Insightfully, the positivist exploration technique depends on ontological and axiological points of view of an examination issue. The phenomenological model of interpretivism was created by Edmund Husserl and is the method of exploration that directs the examination in a way that is affected by human observations (Somekh and Lewin, 2004). The specific model of exploration lays center around the miniaturized scale level sociological issues like the prime intentions behind the conduct of individuals. Such

Informative Speech on Obesity free essay sample

I. Imagine a scenario where I revealed to you that there is a pestilence influencing our nation right now that is making a large number of Americans create perilous sicknesses and kick the bucket at an early age. You most likely would need to know whether there was a way that you could keep this pestilence from influencing you. This scourge I’m alluding to is heftiness and by carrying on with a sound way of life it very well may be forestalled. II. Today, I need to converse with you around two significant ways you can turn into a more beneficial individual. A. We as a whole need to live sound ways of life so as to shield from turning out to be over weight and putting ourselves in danger for genuine illnesses III. As an understudy at present taking nourishment, I have found out about the pandemic about the numerous advantages of turning into a more advantageous individual. IV. Two significant approaches to become more beneficial are following the Dietary Guidelines and practicing consistently. Body I. We will compose a custom paper test on Useful Speech on Obesity or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One approach to turn into a more beneficial individual it to follow the Dietary Guidelines. A. In the first place, on their site, the USDA depicts the Dietary Guidelines as guidance for Americans ages 2 and more seasoned that help them to keep up a sound weight, decrease danger of constant illness, and advance generally speaking wellbeing. As per an article presented on The Journal of Nutrition in 2010, a vast lion's share of the populace doesn't meet the base suggestions discharged. B. Second, the Dietary Guidelines call for purchasers to eat progressively supplement thick nourishments. I. In July of 2011 the Harvard Heart Letter portrayed supplement thick nourishments as nourishments that are high in sustenance worth and lower in calories. ii. Instances of supplement thick nourishments are natural products, vegetables, entire grains, beans, and lean meats. C. Last, the Dietary Guidelines state to expend less soaked fats, included sugars, and refined grains. I. In his 2006 article in the American Journal of Prevention Medicine, Adam Drewnowski says that diets dependent on refined grains, included sugars, and included fats are more moderate than the suggested eats less and consequently most of the populace purchases and expends these nourishments. ii. As indicated by Mayo Clinic, immersed fats are found in creature items, are strong at room temperature, and can cause cardiovascular ailment. iii. Mayo Clinic gave an account of their site this year that in the event that you top off on nourishments with a great deal of included sugars, you may hold back on nutritious nourishments and pass up significant supplements that your body needs. A December 2008 article in Physician and Sportsmedicine states that entire grains are a wellspring of nutrients, minerals, enemies of oxidants and dietary fiber. Refined grains are striped of this nutritious worth. (Change: Now that you think about the Dietary Guidelines and the proposals they make about good dieting, let’s talk about the other significant approach to get more beneficial, which is practicing consistently. ) II. A significant method to getting more beneficial and shielding from turning out to be corpulent is practicing normally. A. In the first place, practicing consumes calories. It is realize that when you practice you consume calories, which makes practicing critical to weight the executives. ii. On the off chance that you consume a larger number of calories than you devour you get in shape, you keep up weight when you similarly consume the calories you expend, and you put on weight when you expend a larger number of calories than you consume. B. Next, practicing helps in the counteraction of genuine ailments. I. Mayo Clinic wrote about their site in July 2011 that practicing keeps your blood streaming easily, which diminishes your danger of cardiovascular ailments. Mayo Clinic included that practicing normally can likewise help forestall stroke, type 2 diabetes, particular sorts of malignancy, and joint inflammation. End I. In outline, I trust that you are progressively mindful of the means that you can take to turn into a more advantageous individual, which are following the Dietary Guidelines and practicing routinely. II. It is anything but difficult to fall into a way of life of eating awful nourishments and not setting aside the effort to work out, however recall whether we let ourselves live along these lines then there are not kidding outcomes that we will endure.

Tokophobia Symptoms and Treatments for Childbirth Fear

Tokophobia Symptoms and Treatments for Childbirth Fear Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Print Tokophobia: Fear of Childbirth and Pregnancy By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 More in Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes How Common Is Tokophobia? Tokophobia vs. PTSD Treatments Steps to Take View All Back To Top Tokophobia is the fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Women who have this phobia have a pathological fear of giving birth, and will often avoid becoming pregnant or giving birth altogether. This fear may lead women to avoid becoming pregnant, even though they want to have children or to opt for a Caesarean section in order to avoid vaginal birth. Tokophobia may occur in women who have never given birth to a child, but it may also affect women who have had prior traumatic birth experiences. Pregnancy and childbirth are major events in many women’s lives. While it can be a time of great joy, it can also be a source of stress and anxiety. Women often worry about the normal pain of childbirth and about the possibility of something going wrong. These are all normal concerns that almost all pregnant women experience to some degree. The normal anxieties that accompany bringing a child into the world are often dealt with using medical help, education, social support, and self-help strategies. Sometimes, however, this fear can become pathological and so severe that women will avoid becoming pregnant or giving birth altogether. Symptoms Tokophobia is a type of specific phobia, which is an anxiety disorder in which people feel an irrational and unreasonable amount of fear about a specific object or situation. Symptoms of tokophobia can include sleep disturbances, panic attacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors. Other symptoms might include: Feelings of dread at the thought of pregnancy and birthAnxiety and depressionExtreme fear of birth defects, stillbirth, or maternal deathInsistence on a Caesarean section for their birth Women may sometimes avoid any sexual activity out of fear of becoming pregnant. Those who do become pregnant may be more likely to request an elective c-section, feel greater trauma surrounding the birth, and may even have difficulty bonding with her baby. Men can also experience tokophobia. Researchers have found that men with tokophobia often have a severe fear regarding the health and safety of their partner and child. This fear tends to center on concerns over labor and delivery, medical treatments, decision-making, finances, and parental capabilities. Causes Tokophobia can develop due to a number of causes. Some factors that may contribute to its development can include a fear of the unknown, loss of control and privacy, past sexual abuse, fear of pain, a fear for the life of the infant, and/or a lack of trust in medical practitioners. Uncertainty over the labor and birth process can also come into play, as can the fear of birth-related complications such as preeclampsia and death. In addition, if a woman has poor social support, this can contribute to or worsen her fear of childbirth. There are two different types of tokophobia: Primary tokophobia occurs in women who have never experienced birth. It may begin during adolescence, although it can also occur after a woman has become pregnant. It may also be seen in girls and women who have been sexually assaulted or raped. Medical exams during pregnancy and childbirth may also trigger flashbacks of the original trauma.Secondary tokophobia occurs in women who have previously experienced pregnancy and birth. It is often the result of traumatic labor and birth. However, it can also occur in women who had normal, non-traumatic births, as well as women who have experienced miscarriage, stillbirth, pregnancy termination, or failed fertility treatments. Researchers have suggested a number of explanations to account for the development of tokophobia. Some of these including hearing about traumatizing accounts of childbirth experiences from other women, fear of inadequate pain management, and pre-existing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. How Common Is Tokophobia? It is completely normal to have fears and concerns about pregnancy and childbirth. Having a certain degree of fear can actually be beneficial in some ways since it prompts women to seek maternal care and advice in order to cope with these concerns. Such fear is actually quite common, with as much as 80 percent of pregnant women feeling some degree of anxiety and worry over things such as pain, health, and safety during birth. While such worries are the norm, the majority of women are able to cope with these concerns by learning more about the labor and delivery process, talking to other women, and consulting with their pregnancy care providers. In some instances, however, this fear can become so severe and debilitating that it may be diagnosed as tokophobia. It is unclear just how common tokophobia may be. Some research suggests that rates range somewhere between 2 and 15 percent, although there is evidence suggesting that as many as 20 to 25 percent of women may experience severe and debilitating symptoms of childbirth-related fears. Further Research In another study looking at prevalence rates, researchers estimated that only about 0.032 percent of women experience tokophobia. They note that there are important distinctions between fear of childbirth and tokophobia, although the two are often conflated. Fear of childbirth involves a continuum of fearful feelings and thoughts related to giving birth. Normal levels of this fear tend to be relatively low, while severe levels can affect a womans day-to-day functioning. Differences in the estimates of prevalence rates for tokophobia may differ based upon how the condition was defined by researchers. Women with relatively moderate levels of fear might be lumped in with women experiencing severe anxiety, and some women may have been misdiagnosed. Tokophobia vs. PTSD An estimated 3 percent of women develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. This rate goes up among women in high-risk groups. Symptoms of PTSD following birth can include flashbacks, hypervigilance, and nightmares about the event. Women are sometimes diagnosed with secondary tokophobia following traumatic childbirth when they actually have symptoms of PTSD. It is also not uncommon for postnatal PTSD or tokophobia to be misdiagnosed as postpartum depression. Distinguishing between these diagnoses is important in order to ensure appropriate and effective treatment. Treatments It is important that women with tokophobia receive treatment in order to ensure that both the mother and child are healthy. This can include receiving support from the womans obstetrician in coordination with a psychologist or psychiatrist. A mental health professional can help address some of the underlying reasons why the disorder may have developed in the first place, including pre-existing depression or anxiety conditions. Maternal health care providers can offer reassurance, education, and appropriate health care so that women feel that their fears surrounding the birth process and adequately addressed. Support Finding sources of social support is important. For many, simply knowing that there are people who are there to help them can be comforting. Studies have found that offering support to pregnant women with a severe fear of pregnancy and birth can be an effective strategy for minimizing symptoms. Such support can strengthen womens sense of self-efficacy and even reduce the number of elective c-sections. Effective support can occur one-on-one or through support groups. Such support is often provided by people that women already know, such as family member or friends, but it can also come from obstetricians, midwives, psychologists, or counselors. Having a positive birth experience has also been shown to reduce the fear of childbirth. One study found that women who felt that they were in control of their bodies and were well-informed about the progress of labor were more likely to show a decrease or elimination of fear symptoms. Many women seek out the guidance and support of other women who have already had experience with bearing children, often including mothers, sisters, family members, and friends. Research has shown that providing support to women with a severe fear of birth resulted in a 50 percent reduction in cesarean rates. Therapy Cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy can also be effective in the treatment of tokophobia. CBT can be a good choice due to its short-term duration and focus on specific symptoms. One study looked at the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy treatments in comparison to standard care. While the researchers found that both approaches led to reductions in fear, those in the CBT group showed a greater reduction in symptoms at one-year postpartum. However, only a small number of women completed the CBT treatment modules, which the researchers suggested indicated low feasibility and acceptance of this treatment approach. Medications Medications may also be used either alone or in conjunction with other treatment approaches to treat underlying depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorders. Treatment for tokophobia takes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating both psychological and obstetric support. Having a birth plan in place that acknowledges a womans concerns can be helpful. Knowing that she will receive pain management upon request and is capable of choosing her method of delivery can be particularly important. Steps to Take If you feel that a significant fear of childbirth and pregnancy might be affecting your life, there are steps that you can take to get the help you need. Discuss your feelings with your doctor or midwife. Some anxiety is normal, and they may be able to provide reassurance and further assistance. Begin forming a birth plan. Talk to your doctor about your wants and needs, including your options for pain management and giving birth. Having a plan can help you feel more empowered and in control. Talk to people you trust. Knowing that there are people who understand your fears and are there to offer support can help reduce anxiety. Avoid childbirth “horror stories.” Hearing such stories can exacerbate your tokophobia. Instead, seek out good medical information and focus on positive experiences with childbirth. If people try to share stories that you do not want to hear, it is perfectly acceptable to ask them to stop. Take a prenatal support class. Learning about what happens during childbirth and what you can do to manage labor pain can help you feel more capable as your approach giving birth. Talk to a mental health professional. If your fear is interfering with your life, ask your doctor to refer you to a psychiatrist, psychologist, counselor, or another mental health provider who can offer further advice and assistance. A Word From Verywell While tokophobia is rare, it can have a major impact on a woman’s life and functioning. People who have this severe fear of childbirth may avoid becoming pregnant even if they do want to have a child. Proper support and treatment can address the fears that women may have surrounding pregnancy and childbirth, making it possible to manage symptoms and have a healthy pregnancy and positive birth experience. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you are concerned that you may have symptoms of tokophobia. 50 Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

Tokophobia Symptoms and Treatments for Childbirth Fear

Tokophobia Symptoms and Treatments for Childbirth Fear Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Print Tokophobia: Fear of Childbirth and Pregnancy By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 More in Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes How Common Is Tokophobia? Tokophobia vs. PTSD Treatments Steps to Take View All Back To Top Tokophobia is the fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Women who have this phobia have a pathological fear of giving birth, and will often avoid becoming pregnant or giving birth altogether. This fear may lead women to avoid becoming pregnant, even though they want to have children or to opt for a Caesarean section in order to avoid vaginal birth. Tokophobia may occur in women who have never given birth to a child, but it may also affect women who have had prior traumatic birth experiences. Pregnancy and childbirth are major events in many women’s lives. While it can be a time of great joy, it can also be a source of stress and anxiety. Women often worry about the normal pain of childbirth and about the possibility of something going wrong. These are all normal concerns that almost all pregnant women experience to some degree. The normal anxieties that accompany bringing a child into the world are often dealt with using medical help, education, social support, and self-help strategies. Sometimes, however, this fear can become pathological and so severe that women will avoid becoming pregnant or giving birth altogether. Symptoms Tokophobia is a type of specific phobia, which is an anxiety disorder in which people feel an irrational and unreasonable amount of fear about a specific object or situation. Symptoms of tokophobia can include sleep disturbances, panic attacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors. Other symptoms might include: Feelings of dread at the thought of pregnancy and birthAnxiety and depressionExtreme fear of birth defects, stillbirth, or maternal deathInsistence on a Caesarean section for their birth Women may sometimes avoid any sexual activity out of fear of becoming pregnant. Those who do become pregnant may be more likely to request an elective c-section, feel greater trauma surrounding the birth, and may even have difficulty bonding with her baby. Men can also experience tokophobia. Researchers have found that men with tokophobia often have a severe fear regarding the health and safety of their partner and child. This fear tends to center on concerns over labor and delivery, medical treatments, decision-making, finances, and parental capabilities. Causes Tokophobia can develop due to a number of causes. Some factors that may contribute to its development can include a fear of the unknown, loss of control and privacy, past sexual abuse, fear of pain, a fear for the life of the infant, and/or a lack of trust in medical practitioners. Uncertainty over the labor and birth process can also come into play, as can the fear of birth-related complications such as preeclampsia and death. In addition, if a woman has poor social support, this can contribute to or worsen her fear of childbirth. There are two different types of tokophobia: Primary tokophobia occurs in women who have never experienced birth. It may begin during adolescence, although it can also occur after a woman has become pregnant. It may also be seen in girls and women who have been sexually assaulted or raped. Medical exams during pregnancy and childbirth may also trigger flashbacks of the original trauma.Secondary tokophobia occurs in women who have previously experienced pregnancy and birth. It is often the result of traumatic labor and birth. However, it can also occur in women who had normal, non-traumatic births, as well as women who have experienced miscarriage, stillbirth, pregnancy termination, or failed fertility treatments. Researchers have suggested a number of explanations to account for the development of tokophobia. Some of these including hearing about traumatizing accounts of childbirth experiences from other women, fear of inadequate pain management, and pre-existing psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. How Common Is Tokophobia? It is completely normal to have fears and concerns about pregnancy and childbirth. Having a certain degree of fear can actually be beneficial in some ways since it prompts women to seek maternal care and advice in order to cope with these concerns. Such fear is actually quite common, with as much as 80 percent of pregnant women feeling some degree of anxiety and worry over things such as pain, health, and safety during birth. While such worries are the norm, the majority of women are able to cope with these concerns by learning more about the labor and delivery process, talking to other women, and consulting with their pregnancy care providers. In some instances, however, this fear can become so severe and debilitating that it may be diagnosed as tokophobia. It is unclear just how common tokophobia may be. Some research suggests that rates range somewhere between 2 and 15 percent, although there is evidence suggesting that as many as 20 to 25 percent of women may experience severe and debilitating symptoms of childbirth-related fears. Further Research In another study looking at prevalence rates, researchers estimated that only about 0.032 percent of women experience tokophobia. They note that there are important distinctions between fear of childbirth and tokophobia, although the two are often conflated. Fear of childbirth involves a continuum of fearful feelings and thoughts related to giving birth. Normal levels of this fear tend to be relatively low, while severe levels can affect a womans day-to-day functioning. Differences in the estimates of prevalence rates for tokophobia may differ based upon how the condition was defined by researchers. Women with relatively moderate levels of fear might be lumped in with women experiencing severe anxiety, and some women may have been misdiagnosed. Tokophobia vs. PTSD An estimated 3 percent of women develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. This rate goes up among women in high-risk groups. Symptoms of PTSD following birth can include flashbacks, hypervigilance, and nightmares about the event. Women are sometimes diagnosed with secondary tokophobia following traumatic childbirth when they actually have symptoms of PTSD. It is also not uncommon for postnatal PTSD or tokophobia to be misdiagnosed as postpartum depression. Distinguishing between these diagnoses is important in order to ensure appropriate and effective treatment. Treatments It is important that women with tokophobia receive treatment in order to ensure that both the mother and child are healthy. This can include receiving support from the womans obstetrician in coordination with a psychologist or psychiatrist. A mental health professional can help address some of the underlying reasons why the disorder may have developed in the first place, including pre-existing depression or anxiety conditions. Maternal health care providers can offer reassurance, education, and appropriate health care so that women feel that their fears surrounding the birth process and adequately addressed. Support Finding sources of social support is important. For many, simply knowing that there are people who are there to help them can be comforting. Studies have found that offering support to pregnant women with a severe fear of pregnancy and birth can be an effective strategy for minimizing symptoms. Such support can strengthen womens sense of self-efficacy and even reduce the number of elective c-sections. Effective support can occur one-on-one or through support groups. Such support is often provided by people that women already know, such as family member or friends, but it can also come from obstetricians, midwives, psychologists, or counselors. Having a positive birth experience has also been shown to reduce the fear of childbirth. One study found that women who felt that they were in control of their bodies and were well-informed about the progress of labor were more likely to show a decrease or elimination of fear symptoms. Many women seek out the guidance and support of other women who have already had experience with bearing children, often including mothers, sisters, family members, and friends. Research has shown that providing support to women with a severe fear of birth resulted in a 50 percent reduction in cesarean rates. Therapy Cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy can also be effective in the treatment of tokophobia. CBT can be a good choice due to its short-term duration and focus on specific symptoms. One study looked at the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy treatments in comparison to standard care. While the researchers found that both approaches led to reductions in fear, those in the CBT group showed a greater reduction in symptoms at one-year postpartum. However, only a small number of women completed the CBT treatment modules, which the researchers suggested indicated low feasibility and acceptance of this treatment approach. Medications Medications may also be used either alone or in conjunction with other treatment approaches to treat underlying depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorders. Treatment for tokophobia takes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating both psychological and obstetric support. Having a birth plan in place that acknowledges a womans concerns can be helpful. Knowing that she will receive pain management upon request and is capable of choosing her method of delivery can be particularly important. Steps to Take If you feel that a significant fear of childbirth and pregnancy might be affecting your life, there are steps that you can take to get the help you need. Discuss your feelings with your doctor or midwife. Some anxiety is normal, and they may be able to provide reassurance and further assistance. Begin forming a birth plan. Talk to your doctor about your wants and needs, including your options for pain management and giving birth. Having a plan can help you feel more empowered and in control. Talk to people you trust. Knowing that there are people who understand your fears and are there to offer support can help reduce anxiety. Avoid childbirth “horror stories.” Hearing such stories can exacerbate your tokophobia. Instead, seek out good medical information and focus on positive experiences with childbirth. If people try to share stories that you do not want to hear, it is perfectly acceptable to ask them to stop. Take a prenatal support class. Learning about what happens during childbirth and what you can do to manage labor pain can help you feel more capable as your approach giving birth. Talk to a mental health professional. If your fear is interfering with your life, ask your doctor to refer you to a psychiatrist, psychologist, counselor, or another mental health provider who can offer further advice and assistance. A Word From Verywell While tokophobia is rare, it can have a major impact on a woman’s life and functioning. People who have this severe fear of childbirth may avoid becoming pregnant even if they do want to have a child. Proper support and treatment can address the fears that women may have surrounding pregnancy and childbirth, making it possible to manage symptoms and have a healthy pregnancy and positive birth experience. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you are concerned that you may have symptoms of tokophobia. 50 Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

Emily Dickinson - 1547 Words

The Poet Who Watched the World Through Her Window Brionna Gardenhire 9th Grade Honors Literature Mr. Phillip Grabowskii November 13, 2012 Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts. She was the oldest daughter of Edward Dickinson, a successful lawyer, member of Congress, and for many years treasurer of Amherst College, and of Emily Norcross Dickinson, a timid woman. Lavinia, Dickinson’s sister, described Emily as perfectly well amp; contented—She is a very good child amp; but little trouble. (Sewall 324) She was graduated from Amherst Academy in 1847, which was founded by her grandfather, Samuel Dickinson (Sewall, 337, Wolff, 19–21). She attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley in†¦show more content†¦This period is known as her most prolific period of writing. She also underwent treatments for a painful eye condition, now thought to be iritis, with Boston ophthalmologist Henry W. Williams. While under the doctors care (eight months in 1864, six months in 1865), she boarded with her cousins, Frances and Louisa Norcross. Those trips were to be her last out of Amherst; after her return in 1865, she rarely ventured beyond the grounds of the Homestead. In 1865, the Civil War ended, but Emily Dickinson never wrote specifically and â€Å"realistically† about the Civil War. She did however; write to Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson in February 1963 describing the war as â€Å"an oblique place†. The years of the Civil War corresponded to Dickinson’s most intense period of productivity as a poet, during which she is thought to have written roughly half of her total number of poems, and yet her precise relation to the war remains something of a puzzle. Because Dickinson is known to have a range of possible references when writing, it is difficult to say whether a particular poem was inspired by the war. Her poem â€Å"It feels a shame to be Alive-â€Å"could be about the war, but it could be a reference to one of the first letters she wrote to Thomas Higginson asking if her verse was alive. In another letter to Higginson from the winter of 1863, Dickinson included the lines from anotherShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson1172 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s works are studied by various audiences from high school students to college scholars. Even without striving to hope that her works would impact so many generations, Dickinson has influenced many generations of poets and plays a major role in the development of American Literature. Dickinson did not become famous for her works until after her death in 1886. Not only is Emily Dickinson’s work important to the study of American Literature, most of her writings were composed duringRead MoreContributions Of Emily Dickinson1045 Words   |  5 Pagesideas to flow. When alone an individual can be with their thoughts, dreams and hopes. Emily Dickinson spent years in solitude and confinement which allowed her creative juices to progress. Overtime, her ideas began appearing on paper as magnificent poems. Love, death, life, ho pe, weapons, birds, bees, flowers, and gardens are all themes used by Emily Dickinson in her poetry. It is unbelievably stunning that Dickinson gives off such beautiful imagery for someone who rarely left the house. She has connectedRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1034 Words   |  5 Pagespeople didn’t remember Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson was a talented poet who used her previously devastating personal experiences to enhance her poems. Emily Dickinson was born on December 10th, 1830 to Edward and Emily Dickinson in Amherst, Massachusetts. In the year 1833, her little sister Lavinia was born into the family. During February of 1852, A Valentine was published in the Springfield Republican. That was one of the first poems that she had written. Emily Dickinson was an amazing poetRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1348 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson The beloved poet, Emily Dickinson lived as a recluse to become the greatest American woman poet of the 19th century. Even in such peculiar circumstances, her works remain alive as she unites people through her talent. Furthermore, her poems were not recognized until after her death, her art is now praised with its impact on society. She intrigues readers with prominent themes of life and death and its comparison to living and nonliving aspects. Dickinson’s unique background, interestingRead MoreUncovering Emily Dickinson603 Words   |  2 PagesUncovering Emily Dickinson The poem â€Å"Taking off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes† By Billy Collins, amplifies the conflict of Emily Dickinson’s inner feelings being revealed as a result of her poetry being published (Emily Dickinson wanted to keep her poetry private). The speaker is aware of this and he shows a lot respect for Dickinson and her poetry throughout the poem. Respect is shown by the speaker by constantly referring to Dickinson’s poems. The speaker references Dickinson’s work in a way thatRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1419 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson â€Å"I know that He exists,† is the first line in one of Emily Dickinson’s many poems. This is poem number 338, and it is one of her most famous poems even though most people do not understand it (Faulkner 8). Emily Dickinson is a well-known poet, but it was not always like that. During her lifetime, Dickinson rarely published her poems, and it was not until later that she became famous for her work (Crumbley 1). During Emily Dickinson’s life, she was a reserved person, to the pointRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Emily 1867 Words   |  8 PagesPoetry is meant to provoke in a thoughtful way. It makes the reader consider what the deeper meaning behind the piece may be. I Heard a Fly Buzz—when I died does all that but it also perplexes the reader, making one wonder what was Emily Dickison writing about in this poem? And what is the reader supposed to take away? It begins with the tone, in the very first sentence, I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—, there is a puzzling, almost disbelief on the part of the speaker. They can’t seem to believeRead MoreThe Works of Emily Dickinson726 Words   |  3 Pages Emily Dickinson’s writing reflects the Realistic period through personal themes: death, isolation, God, marriage, women in society, and love. Dickinson’s writing is affected by numerous factors. Among these are her family, the Realism period, and her life experiences. Emily Dickinson herself was a sort of mystery. Emily Dickinson’s background had a profound effect on her writing. Family always plays an important role in the upbringing of an individual. Her grandfather had a prominent position inRead MoreEmily Dickinson: An American Poet1793 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Dickinson is one of the most influential American authors, whose works transformed the way people view poetry and female authors. Her exceedingly complex life has proved a tremendous influence on her instrumental poetry, creating its originality and distinguishing her from other great poets of the nineteenth century. As well, her use of symbolism and imagery has continued to make her work celebrated. Although Emily Dickinson lived a private and reclusive life, full of death among many closeRead MoreSolitude Of A Poet By Emily Dickinson1545 Words   |  7 Pagesin Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson was one of three children to Edward Dickinson and his wife, Emily Dickinson. According to Pettinger, Dickinson’s r oots trace back to her Puritan ancestors from England in the 17th century, who later immigrated to America to freely exercise their religion (Pettinger, The Biography of Emily Dickinson). Dickinson was a quiet, intelligent individual, excelling in Amherst Academy, a school founded by her grandfather, Samuel Dickinson, and later the Mount Holyoke

How Reiki Is Considered As A Form Of Healing Essay

This assignment evaluates the topic of reiki, which is considered as a form of healing. To begin, it provides a definition and highlights reiki’s application in mainstream medicine. This forms scientific assumptions of the use of the scientific method. This highlights credibility, methodology and reliability as a precursor of application to public health. As a result, it firstly demonstrates credibility through the process of gathering scientific facts from reliable sources. Journals are found using the British Psychological Society (BPS) and PsycINFO. This subsequently provides empirical research for critical review. Secondly, it explores methodology from a selection of these journals. It includes the necessity of operational definitions, value and measurement, and construct validity. Finally, it therefore demonstrates the reliability of results as scientific data, to infer robust conclusions. This will provide the basis of the argument to evaluate if reiki is science or pseu doscience. Reiki Application Firstly, reiki is described as an ancient Japanese form of therapeutic healing (Baldwin, Rand Schwartz, 2013; Baldwin, Wagers Schwartz, 2008; Cuneo et al., 2011; Diaz-Rodriguez et al., 2011; Richeson, Spross, Lutz Peng, 2010; Shore, 2004). Its efficacy claims to improve human welfare—a shared perspective of many science applications (Anderson, 1998). Its mechanism is theorised as a natural phenomenon (National Center for Complementary and Alternative MedicineShow MoreRelatedEssay on Reiki2081 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment # 4 - Reiki jodirt AU ID: 2423950 Alternative Therapies September 23, 2006 â€Å"Reiki is a laying on of hands touch healing system of incomparable ease and power† (Stein, 1995, p. 8). In simpler terms, it is a Japanese form of stress reduction and relaxation that in turn, promotes healing. 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Understanding Topics for Opinion Essay for College

Understanding Topics for Opinion Essay for College All paper and essay writing guidelines are alike in that you're making a statement about some matter and introducing briefly what will be discussed throughout the remainder of the paper. The ending of your essay is intended to tie your whole bit of writing together and show your readers that you effectively proved why they need to agree with you on the subject. Your persuasive essay can be dependent upon whatever you experience an opinion or you are able to give a very clear argument about it. In many instances when you're requested to compose an opinion essay or paragraph, your teacher will offer you a prompt. Evidence for the argument can be offered in the shape of a personal example for essays that are dedicated to local or individual difficulties. Each paragraph needs to be focused on a single idea, and ought to contain all of the information and quotes that demonstrate that idea. It should be more specific than the last, introducing new pieces of information, examples, and detailed evidence. Writing the closing paragraph of your article may be one of the most essential elements of all essay writing guidelines, because you need to leave your reader with a very clear impression of your stance, the problem, and any evidence that's involved. The Ultimate Topics for Opinion Essay for College Trick If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact essay as you! A thesis statement comes from the new information you bring in the essay. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is an excellent start. The thesis se ntence is normally located in the last sentence of your introduction. Develop your thesis for the paper that you're going to be writing. Let's work out how to compose an essay that will stick out among the other students' submissions. The thesis should state what you mean to prove and give an overview of the evidence you want to utilize in your essay. Writing the body of the paper is basically the structural integrity of your entire paper or essay. You ought to go over either side of the issues surrounding the discussion essay topic, so guarantee that you've got access to good research that supplies pertinent info. Conduct research on your subject of choice and investigate all the many diverse ways it can be looked at. As you're researching, you're educating yourself on a particular topic. Prewriting In the prewriting phase, you will need to brainstorm about this issue and the most important idea. Regardless of what topic you ultimately choose, be certain to bring a very clear position on it. You will need lots of thoughts and topics to write about in the event that you wish to keep the content creature fed. Create an extremely basic outline, either on a sheet of scrap paper or only in your head, to assist you decide in what order to present your ideas within the body of the essay. Nevertheless, there are a lot of intriguing ideas I have yet to test out. Reading the essay backwards is a fantastic means to catch such mistakes. While preparing to compose an essay from scratch, it is necessary to understand what to expect and exact steps that you should take. Many folks feel scared and shy to jump in the fray, but on occasion the very best medicine for getting from the rut is to simply do it. You cannot write a great essay in a rush and a half before the exam end understand that you can't finish it. A central strategy in the college placement exam essay is to take whole benefit of all of the time that's allotted. On the flip side, the amount of your essay may ride on your teacher's requirements. The point isn't to learn all fatal mistakes, but little ones as a way to conserve time on the exam. Each paragraph in the essay demands specific information for readers to adhere to a logical stream of information. There's no particular limit on the quantity of words have to be written in the essay Writing Part, but it isn't necessary to write more than 350 words because examiners usually devote exactly the same limit of time on every test work. In the instance of a later, you might get technical and utilize specific environmental terms. Attempt to compare what two unique texts say about your principal idea.

In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and Essay Example For Students

In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and Essay international software cost $12.5 billion to the software industry,with a loss of $2.2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates showthat over 40 percent of U.S. software company revenues are generatedoverseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industrys piracylosses occurred outside of the United States borders. The SoftwarePublishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of thebusiness software in the United States was obtained illegally, which30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporatesetting or business, every computer must have its own set of originalsoftware and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for acorporation or business to purchase a single set of original softwareand then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copyor distribute software for any reason without the prior writtenconsent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers areconcerned with the legal compliance, along with asset m anagement andcosts at their organizations. Many firms involve their legaldepartments and human resources in regards to software distributionand licensing. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent lawand copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuantto Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for thegovernment to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerizedinformation as theft, it must first rely on other theories ofinformation-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law,and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of atrade-secret holders rights in the secret. The definition of a tradesecret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the sameelements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of publicknowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a courtwill allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered ordeveloped the trade secret independently or if the holder does nottake adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to registersoftware as a form of literary expression. The office based itsdecision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Courtdetermined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringeupon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanicaldevice. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet alsomechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Officegranted copyright protection under the rule of doubt. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on NewTechnological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolvingcomputer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws andalso to determine the extent of copyright protection for computerprograms. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection shouldextend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolvingcase law should determine the extent of protection. The commissionalso felt copyright was the best alternative among existingintellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected tradesecret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU reportresulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts asinformal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting theAct. In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly includecomputer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that itis illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted materialwithout authorization, except for the users right to make a singlebackup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (includingcomputer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i.e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional action onthe part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy ofthe software program be deposited with the Copyright Office inWashington, D.C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In orderto prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask acourt (federal) to stop that person by an injunction and to give youdamages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The Software Rental Amendments Act Public Law 101-650) wasapproved by Congress in 1990, this Act prohibits the commercialrental, leasing or lending of software without the express writtenpermission of the copyright holder. An amendment to Title 18 to theUnited States Code was passed by Congress in 1992. This amendment. Known as Public Law 102-561 made software piracy a federal offense,and instituted criminal penalties for copyright infringement ofsoftware. The penalties can include imprisonment of up to five years,fines up to $250,000 or both for unauthorized reproduction ordistribution of 10 or more copies of software with a total retailvalue exceeding $2,500 or more. Under United States law duplicating software for profit,making multiple copies for use by different users within anorganization, and giving an unauthorized copy to someone else isprohibited. Under this law if anyone is caught with the piratedsoftware, an individual or the individuals company can be tried underboth civil and criminal law. A Civil action may be established forinjunction, actual damages (which includes the infringer=s profits) orstatutory damages up to $100,000 per infringement. The criminalpenalties for copyright infringement can result in fines up to$250,000 and a jail term up to five years for the first offense andten years for a second offense or both. When software is counterfeitor copied, the software developer loses their revenue and the wholesoftware industry feels the effect of piracy. All software developersspend a lot of time and money in developing software for public use. Aportion of every dollar spent in purchasing original software isfunneled back into r esearch and development of new software. Softwarepiracy can be found in three forms: software counterfeiting, which isthe illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted software in a formthat is designed to make it appear to be a legitimate program; Harddisk loading, whereby computer dealers load unauthorized copies ofsoftware onto the hard disks of personal computers, which acts as anincentive for the end user to buy the hardware from that particulardealer; and downloading of copyrighted software to users connected bymodem to electronic bulletin boards and/or the Internet. When softwareis pirated the consumer pays for that cost by new software and/orupgrade version being very expensive. Federal appellate courts in theU.S. have determined that operating systems, object code and softwarecotained in ROMs are protected by copyright, and some lower federalcourts have also determined that microcode (the instructions set onmicroprocessor chips), and the look and feel of computer screens issu bject to copyright protection. Which leads to the problems of thewidespread development of multimedia applications that has brought outmajor problems in clearing copyright for small elements of text,images, video and sound. The United States Government has been an active participant inprotecting the rights of the software industry. When the BusinessSoftware Alliance (BSA) conducts a raid, Federal Marshals or local lawenforcement officials participate also. An organization known as theSoftware Publishers Association (SPA) is the principal tradeassociation of the PC software industry. SPA works closely with theFBI and has also an written enforcement manual for the FBI to helpthem investigate pirate bulletin board systems and organizations(audits). With the help of the FBI, the result of enforcement actionsresulted in recoveries from anti-piracy actions totaling $16 millionsince the program started in 1990. Macbeth Essay SummarySPA has created a program that companies can use to helpdiscover and correct problems before they result in legal actions,fines and also negative publicity. The eight point program is asfollows:1. Appoint a software manager to implement and monitor all aspects ofcompany software policy. 2. Implement a software codes of ethics for everyone to adhere to. Theethics should state that copyrighted software, except for backup andarchival purposes, is a violation of the law. 3. Establish a procedure for acquiring and registering software. Determine your companies software needs, evaluate software packages,and also have supervisors approve the plans. Keep the lines ofcommunication open. 4. Establish and maintain a software log. The log should state thedate of when the software was acquired, the registration of it, serialnumber, network version, location of where the software is in use,where the original is, licensing agreement and the location of theoriginal disks. 5. Conduct periodic audits or on a as needed basis comparing thesoftware log and/or other purchase records. 6. Establish a program to educate and train your employees about everyaspect of software and its uses. 7. Maintain a library of software licenses and provide users withcopies of the agreement. 8. Having done the above seven points, the company can benefit byhaving obtained software legally, receive full documentation,technical support when needed and also upgrade notices. Patents do not cover specific systems, instead they coverparticular techniques that can be used to build systems or particularfeatures that systems can offer. Patent grants the inventor a 17 yearmonopoly on its use. Once a technique or feature is patented, it maynot be used in a system without the permission of the patent-holder even if it is implemented in a different way. Since a computer programusually uses several techniques and provides many features, it caninfringe many patents at once. A computer program is built out ofideal mathematical objects whose behavior is defined, not modeledapproximately, by abstract rules. An example of this is BorlandInternational, Inc. complained in the 1st Federal District Court gaveLotus Development Corp. the benefit of patent protection to Lotus1-2-3 menu commands and their order, but failed to require Lotus tomeet the requirements of patent law, including novelty, examinationand contribution to the prior art. The Supreme Court sided with the1st Circuit decision that one entity cannot own the user interface toprograms. Meaning such as file formats, menu structures andprogramming languages. Software license agreements emerged as the most popular meansof protection of proprietary rights in computer software. They coexistwith other forms of intellectual property rights as patent andcopyright. Software license agreements serve several functions intransactions involving the transfer of computer technology. One of themost important legal functions is the protection of the proprietaryrights of the licenser in the transferred software. Other functionsinclude controlling the revenue generated by licensed software anddetermining the rights and responsibilities of the parties regardingthe performance of the licensed technology. Issue related to thesefunctions include the applicability of Article 2 of the UniformCommercial Code, including offer and disclaimer of warranties,determining the appropriate types of licenses to utilize, such assingle users/CPU licenses, Site/enterprise licenses andnetwork/concurrent licenses. Trade secret, copyright and patent laware emailprotected forms of protection in the sense that they may existindependently of any underlying business transactions and do notnecessarily require any transfer of intellectual property from oneparty to another. Whereas, the need for a license agreement usually arises asone of the contractual forms of protection when the underlyingbusiness transaction involves the transfer of intellectual property,such as computer software. Transactions involving the transferof computer software are subject to both federal and state laws. Generally, state law governs contractual and trade secrets aspects ofthe transaction, while federal law governs aspects related to patent,copyright and antitrust issues. Each state has its own version of adoctrine of a trade secret, the common thread through thesestate-specific laws is that if you show that you are seriouslytreated information as confidential and that the confidentialinformation helped your competitive position, you can stop others fromusing it if the information was improperly acquired by them, and evencollect damages from the wrongdoers. A computer is useless without software. The two types ofsoftware typically found on a computer are operating systems softwareand application software. Operating system software providesinterface that makes it easier to develop programs for the system byreducing the amount of code that must be written. The operating systemacts as an interface between the computer hardware, applicationprograms and the end user. Application software consists of one ormore computer program that fulfill a specific function for the userlike word processing, bookkeeping or financial analysis. Two legalcases recently within the last few years has brought to light thecontroversy regarding the copyright protection of software elements. Until 1992, most of the federal courts followed the decision inWhenlan v Jaslow Dental Laboratory as a precedent of similar cases. Whenlan, a small software company wrote a accounting program forJaslow Dental Laboratory company. Jaslow rewrote the software to runon personal computers and proceeded to sell the product. The softwarewas identical to Whenlans in the data structures, logic, and theprogram structure, except for the source code. Jaslow argued that theduplicated elements were part by the of the idea not the expression. The court in response felt that the data structures, logic, and theprogram structure comprised to make a single function of a computerprogram, therefore copyright protection should be given to thoseelements also. In 1992, this protection was weakened by Computer Associatesv. Altai, Inc. , when Altai a software developer was accused ofcopying various modules of a software package developed by ComputerAssociates which controlled the running of applications on IBMmainframes. The court rejected Whelan=s premise that a computerprogram embodies one function because programs are made up ofsub-routines that contain their own idea. The court recognized thiswould narrow the scope of software copyright protection and found thisin accordance with Congressional intent of computer programs withcopyright. This resulted in why currently software copyright is not asbroad as it once was. BibliographyBrandel, William, Licensing stymies users,URL:http://www.viman.com/license/license.html#policy, VimanSoftware, Inc., 1994. Business Software Alliance, Software Piracy and the Law,URL:http://www.bsa.org/bsa/docs/soft_pl.html, Business SoftwareAlliance, 1995. Software Publishers Association, SPA Anti-Piracy Backgrounder,URL:http://www.spa.org/piracy/pi_back.htm, Software PublishersAssociation, 1995.

The Life Story Of Nikita Khrushchev Essays - Old Bolsheviks

The Life Story of Nikita Khrushchev His story is something like a fairy tale. A humble young peasant boy, born to a world of famine and poverty with 100 million peasants just like him, works and fights his way up the political ladder of Russia to one day become its most powerful force, simultaneously holding the offices of Premier of the U.S.S.R. and First Secretary of the Communist Party. It seems incredible, but it should be remembered that Nikita Khrushchev did not accomplish this feat without much sacrifice and hard work on his part. Coming from virtually nothing, he struggled for many years to rise among the ranks in Revolutionary Russia before he achieved the position of a widely-loved ruler and powerful, determining force in international affairs. And although, in the end, he was cast down from this climactic position, it was not before this loquacious and personable man had employed his keen and incisive mind toward making many gains for and improvements in twentieth-century Russia. To truly understand how humble and common his beginnings were, one must understand the situation in Russia toward the end of the nineteenth century. Serfdom had only recently been abolished, and, as a result, there was a severe shortage of land and widespread poverty and illiteracy. Only the strongest and cleverest were able to make a living from their new-found freedom; most just struggled to survive. It was among this majority, on April 17, 1894, that Nikita Sergeievich Khrushchev was born. As a boy, he lived in Kalinovka, a poor villiage in the Ukraine, in an izba, a mud hut with a thatched roof, with his grandfather, a large family, and the family's animals. His father, it is said, lived his life with the ambition to buy a horse, but he never saved enough money to do so. In the end, the family was forced to give up their home and move to Yuzovka in another part of the Ukraine. Throughout his childhood, Nikita was forced to work to survive. His education amounted to only two or three years in the village school, for he was forced to go to work herding cows when he was nine. Following that, he was em- ployed as many things, including a farm hand, a factory worker, and finally a miner in the coal pits. It was at this time that his determination to better himself was first made apparent, for, rather than letting himself be destined forever to work in the pits, he offered his services in all areas of the job, including the development of pit-heads, elevators for the mines. This was also the time in which the young Khrushchev's rebellious nature began to surface, but rather than to striking or union-organizing, it was applied toward politics. It all began with a visit to the mines in 1917 by a man called Kaganovich, who was sent to recruit miners for the Revolution. Nikita, who was 23 and viewed this man as both a romantic figure and an opportunity to break from his social boundaries, joined his Bolshevik group and, by doing so, took his first of many steps in his forthcoming rise to political power. Soonafter, Khrushchev, a loyal but not very active Bolshevik member, became involved with the Communist party as well. Prior to this point, he had been exempt from military service due to his indispensibility in the local coal industry. Also, he had been responsible for a family, as he had married his wife, Galina, during his years in the coal mines, and now had two children (Leonid and Julia), which made him want to remain near Yuzovka. However, in 1919, that rebellious, power-seeking inner sense of Nikita's got the best of him, and he went off to join the Red Army. When the war ended, Khrushchev, whose main objective had been to emerge as a politician until he found how difficult it was to compete with the "higher-born," at least had succeeded in proving himself to be a loyal and useful figure. Soonafter, he returned home with the task of organizing a local Communist party. When he arrived back in Yuzovka, however, he found the area, along with much of the Ukraine, suffering due to a great famine. Peasants were forced to eat bark, grass, leather and one another to survive, and many died, including Khrushchev's wife. It was a very sad and difficult time for Nikita, but he retaliated against his depression by devoting himself wholeheartedly toward the reorganization of Russia. At once he set about to restore local factories

How Conservatives Think About Race in America

How Conservatives Think About Race in America When it comes to how conservatives think about race in America, no issue provides a clearer picture of their perspective than affirmative action. Conservatives see the issue very differently than liberals. While liberals believe affirmative action programs create opportunities for disadvantaged minorities where they didnt previously exist, conservatives believe these programs actually serve to foster racism by denying opportunities to others who are equally qualified. Further, most affirmative action programs address specific minorities, while alienating others. From a conservative perspective, this creates tension and undermines the ideal of racial equality. Conservatives are much less apt to adopt sympathetic attitudes toward minorities on the basis of their race alone. Conservatives assume racial equality exists to begin with and base their policies on that assumption. Therefore, when it comes to an issue like hate crimes, for example, conservatives disagree with the notion entirely.If some unconscionable crime is perpetrated upon someone based on that persons ethnicity, conservatives dont believe the victim should receive more justice because of it. The idea of more or less justice doesnt make sense to conservatives, since they believe there can only be one form of justice, applied equally to everyone. If the same unconscionable crime is perpetrated upon someone based on that persons financial circumstances, for example, that victim should be no less entitled to the same pursuit of justice. A crime is a crime, regardless of the motivation behind it.Conservatives believe that affirmative action programs and hate crime legislation often do more harm to the pursuit of racial harmony than good. These types of legislative programs might serve to build resentment outside the particular minority community they serve, which, in turn, promotes the very disharmony they are designed to circumvent.When attention is spent on race, conservatives believe no good can come from it.

AIDS in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AIDS in the United States - Research Paper Example 20 percent of adults have AIDS in seven countries of this area of Africa. The initial slow reaction and lack of concern during the early 1980’s and beyond by the U.S. is clear today. Forty thousand new instances of the disease is reported each year but exactly how many persons are infected is not known because the method intended used to track AIDS is flawed and not likely to be fixed anytime soon. However, the social effect of AIDS has been widely acknowledged. This has served to inform the public and slow the progression of the epidemic but not in the African American community. The continuing proliferation of AIDS is allowed by the lack of appropriate vaccines and the virus’ ability to evolve as it invades, weakens and finally destroys the immune system. HIV, the disease which develops into AIDS, evolves so quickly that its exterior molecules are in a continuous state of transformation; consequently, the human immune system and the vaccines used to battle the virus, cannot catch up. â€Å"As it replicates within a single infected individual, HIV accumulates mutations that change the shape of its surface proteins, evolving right out from under the antibodies produced by the victim’s immune system† (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2007). Due to AID’s capability of evolving at such a considerable pace, it rapidly counters medical treatments. The HIV cells which live beyond the primary drug concoction reproduce and their decedents transmit the drug resistant strain. This is the rationale for a patient’s drug therapy including what is generally called a ‘drug cocktail’ (various types of HIV drugs used together) which, in concert, act to hinder the further development of the resistant (strong) HIV viral strains. If a smaller amount of the resistant cells continue to exist, the less likelihood the disease will continue to spread. This is just one of the primary evolutionary models used by biomedical scientists to battle AIDS. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2007). AIDS made the evolutionary leap from chimpanzees to people. In all likelihood, the transfer happened by people using chimpanzees as a source for meat. The virus began in two varieties of monkeys which were eaten by chimpanzees which may cannibalize when food sources run short. A hybrid virus found in these monkeys (SIV) dispersed via infected chimpanzees and a mutated type (HIV-1) was ultimately transmitted to humans. Just like chimpanzees, people carry two variations of the disease. HIV-2 is the other and the less virulent. â€Å"Because of the similarity between chimpanzees and humans, any virus that successfully adapts to spreading among chimps would be a candidate for a further jump to humans, a potential HIV-3,† according to Paul Sharp, Institute of Genetics at University in England. (cited in Lovgren, 2003). One percent of the Earth’s inhabitants have contracted AIDS. The disease is to blame for killing of nearly three million people every year. AIDS is spread through use of use needles and unprotected sex. There is overwhelming evidence that needle exchange programs (NEPs) are very effective in preventing the transmission of the AIDS viruses yet do not promote drug use as critics of these programs contend. When first presented with this idea, Congress thought that NEPs would encourage drug abuse and they would send the message that the federal government sanctioned drug use by encouraging clean needle dispersal. â€Å"Restricting access to sterile syringes only acts to exacerbate the IDUs already desperate situation and is not in the best interest of the community regarding health, criminal or financial concerns. Free, legal and easily

Knowledge Share-Human Resource Management Current Study Assignment

Knowledge Share-Human Resource Management Current Study - Assignment Example Analysis The opportunity to achieve effective potential at workplace for all the employees in an organization is now significantly recognized as one of the fundamental human rights. Over last few decades, it has also become transparent that the Canadian organizations need to pursue workplace diversity as a competitive stipulation. The pursuit of diversity at the work place is one of the major strategic responses of the Canadian organizations towards globalization (Klarsfeld, 2010). Moreover, it helps the organizations to increase their multiculturalism of marketplaces and workforces. The new diversity definition rejects the concept of mandated targets and quota system in the organizational workplace. Moreover, it minimizes the risk of much of regulatory and legislative framework that accompanied the equal employment opportunity, affirmative action and equity legislation of employment in an organization. Since last two decades the Canadian organizations are practicing this workplace d iversity as their key organizational process. Cultural Workplace Diversity The workplace diversity rests on several premises. ... All the business owners can be benefited from implementing proactive human resource strategies. This process has helped the Canadian employers to build an effective culturally diverse workplace. It is important for the organizations to eventually promote the cultural diversity awareness among all the employees of the organization in order to leverage the benefits and advantages of cultural awareness in the workplace. Workplace Diversity at IBM Employees of IBM represent diverse and talented workforce. Accomplishing the potential of the diversity is a major business priority. Effective workplace diversity is the fundamental of IBM’s competitive success. Venerable commitment to equal opportunity is the major element in IBM’s workplace diversity program. Several business activities, such as promotion, hiring and compensation are performed without regard to religion, color, race, gender identity, national origin, disability, age, genetics or expression. These specific busin ess activities, administration and design of IBM benefit the diversity plans abide by all kinds of applicable law. IBM provides workplace accommodations to qualified employees with disabilities. These are essential diversity plans that can enhance the performance of each and every employee. Giving value and respect to all the employees helped the organization to ensure an effective working environment which is free from all forms of conflicts and harassment. This policy depends upon effective business judgment strategy. Moreover, this policy anchored in the organizational values of IBM. All the managers of IBM abide by applicable laws and organizational policies of IBM. It helps the organization to fulfill their

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu in relation to its cultural and social context. Pay particular attention to the ways in which the play challenges and/or perpetuates certain assumptions concerning gender and sexuality; include a discussion of the plays relevance to our contemporary context. This essay will be exploring and discussing the character of Lulu in Frank Wedekinds play of the same name. It will delve into the relationship that Lulu has with the men and women of the late 1800s, as well as the challenges that women have experienced over the centuries having to deny their sexual appetite in a patriarchal world. There will be investigations into female oppression and gender status. Also one will be looking at the roles of fictional and factual Femmes Fatales throughout the ages, from those in story books to actual icons who have reached out to the world through modern media coverage. It will discuss whether being a sexually attractive woman is help or hindrance, is a woman a slave to mens desires or is it a tool that women use to live and lead the life that they wish? In research of the character of Lulu I read the introduction from the play Lulu adapted by Nicolas Wright and his insight to the character of Lulu and Frank Wedekinds method research by having sexual encounters with a number of prostitutes. Using this method Frank Wedekind created lulu, by taking different the qualities and flaws of the prostitutes he had met, women who are described as irresistible, some fearlessly honest, some devious, some manic, all doomed. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) Nicolas Wright gives the impression in the introduction that Certainly he must have come across a woman who, at the age of five or so, was raped and prostituted by a man who may have been her father. This is exactly what had happened to Lulu, as Wedekind goes to some trouble to spell out. Is he saying that this hideous event has formed her life, thats its made her what she is as an adult? As a 19th-centery buck, he may not spot the connection. Yet his comments on women are full of insight, and the way the way lulu sexualises every relationship she enters into with a man seems very much part of damaged- child syndrome. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) By reading Nicolas Wrights thoughts on how the character of Lulu is an abused child and is a damaged soul and as a character has a very warped view of what is acceptable and what is normal in a relationship. Due to the impression of her childhood raised by a man who is said to be her father who is insinuated in the play they had an inappropriate relationship. This is apparent in Act 4. She asks Schigolch to kill Rodrigo (an acrobat who is blackmailing lulu) for her. Lulu: what do you want? Dont ask too much. Schigolch: well, now. if you ever felt nostalgic for our old arrangement.. Lulu: oh god..! Schigolch: Why not? Lulu: Im .changed. Im not a child any more. Schigolch: what do see when you look at me now? Some aged monster? Lulu; but youve already got a mistress. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007: Act 4:94) Lulu from a young age was passed around like a toy for mens enjoyment. This information reflects that Lulu is always looking for someone to look after her, and the security which comes with marriage, as she has never had that as a child. Now as an adult Lulu can only rely on her exceptional beauty and the fact all men from different status are drawn to her. This in turn empowers her to manipulate the men in her life, to bend to her every whim while the man still thinks he is in control. But in return by becoming what the man wants from her Lulu is able to enchant them by targeting their weaknesses and getting what she may want in that times before her eyes start to wonder again. This is more apparent when she marries for the second time, Eduard Schwarz. In this relationship she is the one who is control and she doesnt like this as she has nothing to manipulate him with, so it is my belief this is the reason she begins an affair with Dr Franz Schoning. This marriage to Schwarz seems t o be a healthy relationship and very comfortable life style, and which by Lulu entering into this affair with Schoning makes me wonder that Lulu is not wanting a loving family and the security of being married, she wants some danger and excitement to her life, and to me this selfish attitude which many women from her background would kill for makes me think what does Lulu really want? Its apparent she needs the security of marriage which is what society expects of women in her status and situation. But this isnt what lulu wants she is a healthy sexed woman with a natural sexual appetite which unfortunately was going against the society grain. Lulus character was ahead of the times as she was written in a time when women were repressed and had to marry for security. In a way that was most women in that era ambition was to marry well and above their station. In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Mrs. Bennet was obsessed with finding husbands for her five daughters. The heroine of Pride of Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the complete opposite of Lulu. Whereas Elizabeth Bennet wants to marry for love, and disliked the idea of marrying just for security. When she was proposed by her cousin Mr Collins it takes him some time to understand that his proposal is being rejected by Elizabeth, in that time was quiet unheard of to actually refuse a proposal. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will be in all likelihood undo the effects of you loveliness and amiable qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females. (Austin,1996:106) Even Jane Austen herself in 1802 accepted a marriage proposal from Harris Bigg-Wither, but she later changed her mind the next day. In all of her novels the heroine somehow ended in a suitable marriage with the man of their affections, yet she herself went on to becoming an old maid which was her choice but in this article it states that Austen never felt she had been presented with adequate choices: it was either get married or become a governess or a teacher. (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). Harris Bigg-Wither who after her death read her books more closely in trying to understand her refusal of him and came to conclusion that marriage didnt interest her, because in her novels she didnt include sexual passion, and also she would only write about the prelude to marriage in a platonic way. So does this mean that Austen felt that sexual tension in a marriage would be the downfall of a relationship that started without it and that was based on affection? I feel that Austen a women of the early 1800s who was expected to marry and was scared of sex and the complications that come with it, and thought marriage should be the product of two people in love and not a realistic and practical arrangement. She is quoted from a letter to her niece Anything is to be preferred or endured rather than marrying without Affection, (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). So in the early 1800s Jane Austen was changing the way women behaved towards marriage that being an old maid was the only acceptable life style if one wasnt inclined to marry. But by not marrying sparked rumours in the 1990s that Austen was in fact a lesbian and that was the real reason she didnt marry. This theory hasnt be proved or disproved, I think its an insult to any women if they choose not to marry that they are assumed be a lesbian. Even in todays society women are targeted and frowned upon if they choose to have a career over starting a family, which in my opinion it is a mans ego that is being injured by not being needed. Frank Wedekind went a different way his play Lulu by making her of sorts a high class prostitute and giving Lulu the looks and the skills to manipulate the men she wanted to pursue. In my opinion the reason why Lulu was shocking for the time it was written in is because, it was common thought that men were driven by their sexual desires and women had none. If Lulu was a man this play would be called Casanova. If the lead was a male it wouldnt be as shocking as the world would have heard of the antics of Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt who had died 1798 who was renowned for a sexual predator of young women and a gambler. But Lulu wasnt a man but she was influenced by the men in her life, she tried to gain power by enslaving the men she wanted with her sexual desire. Another woman in fiction used the same skills in attain what information her pray had. Milady Clarick de Winter from The Three Musketeersa novelbyAlexandre Dumas. Milady Clarick de Winter was a teenager forced to enter the convent, but when she gets there she falls in love with a priest with who she escapes with. They leave the church with stolen property to fund their new life together, for which both of them get caught and were branded criminals with the fleur de liys. Then she appears in Athos village living with a man, and pretending to be his sister. When Athos, fell in love with her and married her. After some time together he finds the brand on her shoulder, saying she was a thief. Thinking she had married him only for his money which is not true, a heart-broken Athos tries to kill her by hanging her from a tree. But she survived. At the time the book is written, apparently it was acceptable to kill your wife if you found out she had committed a crime. Milady Clarick de Winter is a capable and beautiful spy, she is an example of a strong, independent woman with a tragic past, and filled with hate for men, she enjoys seduction and the destruction of men. The men she traps will provide her with support for a short period of time but will most likely to meet an untimely end if they learn of her past. Milady Clarick de Winter is remorseless for her countless crimes. In my opinion Lulu and Milady Clarick de Winter are femme fatales, and to achieve their hidden purpose, by using their feminine assets such as beauty, charm, and sexual allure. Both seem to be victims, caught in a situation from which they cannot escape; the connections between Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu are uncanny having relationships ending in deadly consequences for the men they ensnare. Both Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu have many names given or changed them through marriage. Dr Goll Lulus first husband in the play is in discussion with Dr Franz Schoning on their preferences on what they like to call her.With all these men renaming her is it any wonder that no-one knows the real Lulu? Does lulu exist anymore? I feel that there is such a power in a name, and by changing that aspect of a person they no longer exist. So by changing lulus name constantly she becomes a whole new person with a new personality over and over again, and is sculptured into whatever the man want s. Goll: You see I call her Popsy. Schoning: I thought Mignon suited her well. Goll: Mignon? No, Popsys better, from my personal point of view. I have a weakness for the incomplete . . . the immature . . . the innocent child in need of fatherly protection. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:18) In the case of Milady Clarick de Winter she had to change her name as Athos, her first husband whom she loved deeply thought she was dead after hanging her from a tree, and for her own protection she changed it when she married Lord De Winter. With all these name changes is there wonder that these women manipulate men for their own gain. When its the man who has the power to change their names a moulding them into their puppets or to force them to change their name for protection. In the process stripping them of whom there are and who they could have been. Does society put the pressure on women to behave a certain way still? In a culture that is obsessed with the celebrity and the morbid fantasy of when things go wrong trying to find the information because even in death we as a society still want more. Marilyn Monroe was a beauty with curves; she was more than a 50s sex goddess. She dominated the age of movie stars to become the most famous woman of the 20th Century and still has a strong fan base growing 45 years after her death. She was born Norma Jeane Mortenson and never knew who her father and was baptized Norma Jeane Baker. Her mother was mentally ill and Norma Jeane had to spend most of her childhood in foster homes and orphanages until she moved in with family friend, but when she was 16 the family she was living with was going to move and couldnt take Norma Jeane with them. She had two options: return to the orphanage or get married.So even in the 1940s girls without family had two choices the state or marriage, she married a boy who she had been dating for 6 months. On being discovered by a photographer while helping towards the war effort in a factory, and from then on she became a model and Marilyn Monroe. But her marriage didnt survive her new found career. Then she soared to fame by landing film roles and various awards, but on the 5th august 1962 she died of a possible suicide. The events surrounding her death isthe most talked and debated conspiracy theories of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many believe she was killed by order of the Kennedys and this was the belief of her second husband Joe DiMaggio and he died convinced the Kennedys were to blame, in an article about a book of his life written by his long term lawyer and friend Morris Engelberg. DiMaggio is to of expressed They murdered the one person I loved, DiMaggio confided to Mr Engelberg. (http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp) These beliefs come from man who loved her very deeply and expressed that the men she was in a romantic relationship was the cause of her demise, and many of her fans believe that there are allot of unanswered questions connected with her death and I agree the masses there is too much information missing. She was at the mercy of very powerful men who wanted to keep her quiet and the scandal if she ever diverged in the information she knew. The allegations of the Kennedys being connected with her death has not been proved or disproved. Like Lulu, Marilyn Monroe was playing a very dangerous game by underestimating the power she had over men and the men in power. It is insinuated that Lulu was killed by Jack the Ripper an educated man who used his status to lure vulnerable prostitutes with his refinery and wealth, one the suspects was Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondalehe was grandson of Queen Victoria but this was neither proved or disproved. When doing my research the s imilarities between Lulu and Marilyn Monroe was very chilling both women were killed as the result of men, but for me the fact that Lulu is a fictional character based on the women Wedekind met on his sex romping with prostitutes and his character has so many similarities with the icon Monroe is disturbing that plight of women hasnt changed much in a hundred years and more. My aim in this essay was to Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu including the context and time it was written in, and if the female gender role has changed much in the time scale, by exploring other writers, and eventually looking at a modern day icon. I feel my discussion is in a very female point of view and Im sure that if this was written by a man it would have a very different angle and maybe I should have gotten a male opinion on the subject. Did Frank Wedekind write Lulu to shock society? Or to show that women of the 1800s were restricted my gender and status through text. When Frank Wedekind wrote Lulu I think he knew it would be shocking in his society as a sex tragedy but I dont think that knew that he had divulged so much into the way women were repressed by their gender and how certain sexual traumas can affect the way women as a gender enter a sexual relationship. Even today women use their sexual allure to get what they want or to influence a man into doing things for them. Im my opinion women have been fighting for the right to be equal with men but yet we as a sex still choose to use our beauty to get what we want and is that because from a young age society and story books use the stereotype of the woman is at home with the children and the man makes a living and supports his family. The times have changed and as a culture we have accepted same sex marriage, same sex adoption and a black president which I thought I would never see in my life time, but the life long battle of the sexes continues and I dont think this is going to end with any outcome which will be acceptable for either side. Lulu is a modern drama of sex. Its not a helpful story about gender roles or sexual politics, or even at heart a marriage play, as all four of her marriages end badly. Lulu is a ruthless test of the terrible destructive would be of a basic human drive, and of that favourite scapegoat for that destruction, the femme fatale. Bibliography Austen.J (1996) Pride And Prejudice, London, Penguin Group. http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php Wedekind.F/Wright.N (2007) Lulu, London: Nick Hern Books limited. Research Ascription of Identity: The Bild motif and the character of Lulu, Silvio Jose Dos Santos, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 21, No.2 (spring 2004), pp. 267-308 http://www.marilynmonroe.com/ Masterpieces of French literature By Marilyn S. Severson Refraction of the Feminine: The Monstrous Transformations of Lulu, Karin Littau, MLN, Vol. 110, No. 4, Comparative Literature Issue (Sept., 1995), pp. 888-912 The Three MusketeersbyAlexandre Dumas

Accounting :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When most people go to college they think of what major would be the most interesting, and most exciting. However there are a few brave souls who want to be bored out of their mind but learn the language of business. For those few the major of accounting calls to them. Those men and women who choose accounting as their major will spend many semesters trying to figure out what the hell the professors are talking about when they go into managing and valuing inventories for companies. This one area of accounting is one of the most important parts to understand, because of the vast amounts of money companies have raped up in inventories. So sit back and get ready to be bored because we are entering the world of accounting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inventories are asset items held for sale in the ordinary course of business or good that will be used or consumed in the production of goods to be sold. That sounds very interesting doesn’t it? Well let’s think about that for a second. Companies like Wal-Mart have billions of dollars put into inventories and they need to make sure that it is properly accounted for so they do not become the next ENRON of the world. Wal-Mart gets their inventory in a ready to sell state. That means no extra cost goes into getting it ready to put on the shelf. So when a Wal-Mart accountant takes in invoices of merchandise purchased the price Wal-Mart paid was the amount that goes into their inventory account. However for companies that are manufacturing business, like Boeing, they will have three inventory accounts called, raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. Assigning cost into the inventory account is a little different for manufacturing companies. The cost assigned to good and materials on hand but not yet placed into production is reported as raw materials inventory. Raw materials include things like plastics for sex toys or steel for skyscrapers, did I say sex in an accounting paper?